![]() ![]() Ferdinand Gottlieb – architect heading his own firm, Ferdinand Gottlieb & Associates, based in Dobbs Ferry, New York.Adolf Cluss – architect, builder of numerous public buildings in Washington, D.C.Dominican Americans (Dominican Republic)Īrt and literature Architects.have been influential in almost every field, from science, to architecture, to entertainment, and to commercial industry. German Americans and those Germans who settled in the U.S. This list also includes people of German Jewish descent.Īmericans of German descent live in nearly every American county, from the East Coast, where the first German settlers arrived in the 17th century, to the West Coast and in all the states in between. More than 50 million people in the United States identify German as their ancestry it is often mixed with other Northern European ethnicities. California and Pennsylvania have the largest populations of German origin, with more than six million German Americans residing in the two states alone. Some arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others for the chance to start afresh in the New World. Immigration continued in substantial numbers during the 19th century the largest number of arrivals moved 1840–1900, when Germans formed the largest group of immigrants coming to the U.S., outnumbering the Irish and English. Some eight million German immigrants have entered the United States since that point. The first significant numbers arrived in the 1680s in New York and Pennsylvania. German Americans (German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States who are of German ancestry they form the largest ethnic ancestry group in the United States, accounting for 17% of U.S. ( July 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID‐19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment. Wouters OJ, Shadlen KC, Salcher‐Konrad M, et al. Perioperative SARS‐CoV‐2 infections increase mortality, pulmonary complications, and thromboembolic events: a Dutch, multicenter, matched‐cohort clinical study. Jonker PKC, van der Plas WY, Steinkamp PJ, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021 39: 66–78. Elective cancer surgery in COVID‐19‐free surgical pathways during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: an international, multicenter, comparative cohort study. ![]() Glasbey JC, Nepogodiev D, Simoes JFF, et al. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: an international cohort study. Anaesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Anaesthetists.ĬOVIDSurg Collaborative. Patients with ongoing symptoms ≥ 7 weeks from diagnosis may benefit from further delay.ĬOVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 delay surgery timing. Where possible, surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. After a ≥ 7 week delay in undertaking surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with ongoing symptoms had a higher mortality than patients whose symptoms had resolved or who had been asymptomatic (6.0% (95%CI 3.2-8.7) vs. Surgery performed ≥ 7 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was associated with a similar mortality risk to baseline (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.5 (0.9-2.1)). In patients with a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery within 0-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and 5-6 weeks of the diagnosis (odds ratio (95%CI) 4.1 (3.3-4.8), 3.9 (2.6-5.1) and 3.6 (2.0-5.2), respectively). Adjusted 30-day mortality in patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4-1.5). Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30-day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection to surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality. Surgical patients with pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Peri-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection increases postoperative mortality. ![]()
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